介绍坦桑尼亚的文章,英文的

介绍坦桑尼亚的文章,英文的
介绍坦桑尼亚的文章,英文的

介绍坦桑尼亚的文章,英文的
国名
　　坦桑尼亚联合共和国（The United Republic of Tan zania）
节日
　　独立日 12月9日（1961年） 　　国庆日 4月26日（1964年） 坦桑尼亚国庆日,又称坦噶尼喀和桑给巴尔联合日.
首都
　　坦桑尼亚的官方首都是多多玛（Dodoma）,但是由于地理位置以及经济等条件的原因,除坦桑本国人之外,所有的人都认为达累斯萨拉姆现在是坦桑尼亚的首都.事实上达累斯萨拉姆不是坦桑的首都.达累斯萨拉姆1891年至1916年为德属东非的首都.1961年至1964年为坦噶尼喀首都,后来为坦桑尼亚首都.1974年,坦桑尼亚议会决定把首都迁往内地城镇多多马. （这里有个故事,一开始坦桑尼亚把达累斯萨拉姆立为首都,但是当时周总理告诉坦桑总统说首都在海边万一打起仗来不容易守,迁到内陆打起仗来进可攻,退可守.于是坦桑才把多多玛立为首都,但是多多玛环境,交通都不如达累斯萨拉姆,所以几十年了,坦桑历届总统也没把真正的政治中心搬到多多玛,但是坦桑总统也会经常去多多玛开会.因为多多玛也有总统办公室）
国旗
　　呈长方形,长与宽之比为3:2.旗面由绿、蓝、黑、黄四色构成 ,左上方和右下方为绿色和蓝色的两个相等的直角三角形,带黄边的黑色宽条从左下角斜贯至右上角.绿色代表土地,还象征对伊斯兰教的信仰；蓝色象征河流、湖泊和海域；黑色代表非洲黑人；黄色象征丰富的矿产资源和财富.
国徽
　　图案下方的山峰象征乞力马扎罗山,山坡上的棉桃和咖啡等图案象征该国的主要经济作物.盾形图案两侧各有一只象牙和一男一女.盾面上的图案分四部分,自上而下依次为：象征自由和光明的火炬；坦桑尼亚国旗；交叉着的斧头、镰刀和长矛；蓝白相间的波纹象征该国的湖泊、河流和东临印度洋.底部的绶带上用斯瓦希里文写着“自由和团结”.
国花
　　丁香
货币
　　坦桑尼亚先令,1美元兑换1600坦桑尼亚先令.
时差
　　比格林尼治时间早3 小时；比北京时间晚5 小时.
人口
　　4000万（2009年）.其中桑给巴尔近100万(2004年估计).分属126个民族,人口超过100万的有苏库马、尼亚姆维奇、查加、赫赫、马康迪和哈亚族.另有一些阿拉伯人、印巴人和欧洲人后裔.斯瓦希里语为国语,与英语同为官方通用语.坦噶尼喀（大陆）居民中35%信奉天主教和基督教,45%信奉伊斯兰教,其余信奉原始拜物教；桑给巴尔99%的居民信奉伊斯兰教.自然地理
　　面积945,087平方公里.由大陆、桑给巴尔岛及20多个小岛组成.位于非洲东部、赤道以南,大陆东临印度洋,南连赞比亚、马拉维和莫桑比克,西邻卢旺达、布隆迪和刚果（金）,北界肯尼亚和乌干达.大陆海岸线长840公里.西北高,东南低,呈阶梯状.东部沿海为低地,西部内陆高原面积占内陆总面积一半以上,东非大裂谷从马拉维湖分东西两支纵贯南北.东北部的乞力马扎罗山的基博峰海拔5895米,是非洲最高峰.主要河流有鲁菲季（长1400公里）、潘加尼、鲁伏、瓦米等.湖泊众多,有维多利亚湖、坦噶尼喀湖和马拉维湖等.东部沿海地区和内陆的部分低地属热带草原气候,西部内陆高原属热带山地气候,凉爽而干燥.
非洲之最
　　乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,是一个火山丘,高5963米,面积756平方公里,它位于坦桑尼亚东北部,邻近肯尼亚,坐落于南纬3度,距离赤道仅300多公里.乞力马扎罗山素有“非洲屋脊”之称,而许多地理学家则喜欢称它为“非洲之王”.乞力马扎罗山国家公园和森林保护区占据了整个乞力马扎罗山及周围的山地森林.乞力马扎罗山国家公园由林木线以上的所有山区和穿过山地森林带的6个森林走廊组成.乞力马扎罗山四周都是山林,那里生活着众多的哺乳动物,其中一些还是濒于灭绝的种类. 　　乞力马扎罗山有两个主峰,一个叫基博,另一个叫马文济,两峰之间有一个10多公里长的马鞍形的山脊相连,远远望去,乞力马扎罗山是一座孤单耸立的高山,在辽阔的东非大草原上拔地而起,高耸入云,气势磅礴.乞力马扎罗山基博峰顶有一个直径2400米、深200米的火山口,口内四壁是晶莹无瑕的巨大冰层,底部耸立着巨大的冰柱,冰雪覆盖,宛如巨大的玉盆. 　　在斯瓦希里语中,乞力马扎罗山意为“闪闪发光的山”.它的轮廓非常鲜明：缓缓上升的斜坡引向一长长的、扁平的山顶,那是一个真正的巨型火山口——一个盆状的火山峰顶.酷热的日子里,从很远处望去,蓝色的山基赏心悦目,而白雪皑皑的山顶似乎在空中盘旋.常伸展到雪线以下飘渺的云雾,增加了这种幻觉.山麓的气温有时高达59℃,而峰顶的气温又常在零下34℃,故有“赤道雪峰”之称.在过去的几个世纪里,乞力马扎罗山一直是一座神秘而迷人的山——没有人真的相信在赤道附近居然有这样一座覆盖着白雪的山.乞力马扎罗山在坦桑尼亚人心中无比神圣,很多部族每年都要在山脚下举行传统的祭祀活动,拜山神,求平安.
历史地理
　　古人类发源地之一.公元7~8世纪,阿拉伯人和波斯人迁入.19 世纪中叶,德英等国殖民势力侵入这个地区.1886年,坦噶尼喀被划为德国势力范围.1890年,桑给巴尔沦为英国“保护国”.1917年11月英军占领全境.1920年划为英国“委任统治地”.1961年12月坦噶尼喀宣告独立.1963年12月10日桑给巴尔宣告独立.1964年4月26日坦噶尼喀和桑给巴尔组成联合共和国,同年10月29日改名为坦桑尼亚联合共和国,仍留在英联邦内.1995年10月举行首次多党总统选举.
资源地理
　　矿产资源丰富,有8个绿岩带,地层大多属太古代岩石,历史上曾生产过近百吨黄金.已探明的主要矿藏有钻石、黄金、煤、铁、磷酸盐、天然气等.除金矿外,其它矿藏尚待充分开发.大陆、桑给巴尔及近海海域有若干储油前景良好的区域.目前已有多家矿业开采公司在坦注册,主要依靠外国资金和技术,其中大部分从事黄金开发.此外,澳大利亚、加拿大、爱尔兰等国公司在坦从事石油勘探；世界银行、欧洲投资银行等资助坦开发松戈松戈气田（探明储量300亿立方米）,由加拿大管道公司负责建设. 　　森林面积约4400万公顷,占国土面积的45%,出产安哥拉紫檀、乌木、桃花心木、栲树等.水力资源丰富,发电潜力超过4.78亿千瓦. 　　旅游资源 坦桑尼亚首都达累斯萨拉姆有一个著名动物园——米库米天然动物园.是十大国家野生动物园之一,动物全是自然放养,并且以动物种类众多著称,几乎保存了坦桑尼亚全国所有兽类.园内群山叠翠、灌木丛生、牧草丰盛、溪流遍布,是自然生态保存最完好的一个地方. 　　旅游资源丰富,非洲三大湖泊维多利亚湖、坦噶尼喀湖和马拉维湖均在坦边境线上,海拔5895米的非洲第一高峰—乞力马扎罗山世界闻名.其它自然景观有恩戈罗戈罗火山口、东非大裂谷、马尼亚纳湖等,另有桑岛奴隶城、世界最古老的古人类遗址、阿拉伯商人遗址等历史人文景观. 　　坦1/3国土为国家公园、动物和森林保护区.共有塞伦盖提、恩戈罗戈罗等12个国家公园、19个野生动物保护区和50个野生动物控制区.
（中文的百度词典 上 翻译一下就行了 给分吧 太多了 传不上全部的啊啊啊啊啊啊 好烦 却是包不到底啊 不过 还挺全面的了啊!1）

There are many outstanding adventure travel destinations in Africa, but there is only one Tanzania. Here stretch the plains of the Serengeti; here shine the snows of Kilimanjaro; here, too, lies the m...

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There are many outstanding adventure travel destinations in Africa, but there is only one Tanzania. Here stretch the plains of the Serengeti; here shine the snows of Kilimanjaro; here, too, lies the mythic isle of Zanzibar. For anyone who has ever dreamt of Africa, those names are poetic invocations, calling up in the mind's eye all of the fabled attractions of the continent itself.
Location, Geography & Climate
Tanzania is bordered on the south by Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia; on the west by Zaire, Burundi, and Rwanda; on the north by Uganda and Kenya; and on the east by the Indian Ocean. Tanzania is the largest of the East African nations, and it possesses a geography as mythic as it is spectacular.
In the northeast of Tanzania is a mountainous region that includes Mt. Meru (14,979 ft/4,566 m) and Mount Kilimanjaro (19,340 ft./5,895 m), the latter of which is the highest point in Africa and possibly the most breathtaking mountain imaginable. To the west of these peaks is Serengeti National Park, which has the greatest concentration of migratory game animals in the world (200,000 zebra, for example). Within the Serengeti is Olduvai Gorge, the site of the famous discoveries by the Leakeys of fossil fragments of the very earliest ancestors of Homo sapiens. The Serengeti also contains the marvelous Eden of Ngorongoro, a 20-mile-wide volcanic crater that is home to an extraordinary concentration and diversity of wildlife.
Moving west from the Serengeti, one reaches the shores of Lake Victoria, the largest lake on the continent and one of the primary headwater reservoirs of the Nile. Southwest of Lake Victoria, and forming Tanzania's border with Zaire, is Lake Tanganyika, the longest and (after Lake Baikal) deepest freshwater lake in the world. It was at Ujiji, a village on the Tanzanian shore of Lake Tanganyika, that H.M. Stanley presumably encountered David Livingstone in 1871. Livingstone had fallen ill while searching for the source of the Nile, and despite his illness he refused to leave. Instead, he persuaded Stanley to accompany him on a journey to the north end of Lake Tanganyika. The region that they passed through has since become famous as Gombe National Park, the site of Jane Goodall's chimpanzee research station.
Southeast of Lake Tanganyika is a mountainous region that includes Lake Malawi (previously Lake Nyala), the third largest lake on the continent. East of Lake Malawi is the enormous expanse of the Selous Game Reserve, the largest in Africa with over 21,000 sq. mi. (55,000 sq. km.) and perhaps more than 50,000 elephants.
Moving northeast from Selous brings one to Tanzania's low, lush coastal strip, the location of its largest city, Dar es Salaam. Dar Es Salaam is the embarkation point for Zanzibar, the fabled emerald isle that lies off the Tanzanian coast.
The climate of Tanzania varies quite a bit, considering that its environment includes both the highest and the lowest points on the continent. While the narrow lowland coastal region is consistently hot and humid, the central regions of Tanzania are sufficiently elevated so as to offer much cooler temperatures. The rainy seasons extend from November to early January and from March to May.
History & People
The history of human habitation in Tanzania goes back almost two million years, and the fossils found at Olduvai Gorge by Louis and Mary Leakey now stand among the most important artifacts of the origins of our species. Artifacts of later Paleolithic cultures have also been found in Tanzania. There is evidence that communities along the Tanzanian coast were engaging in overseas trade by the beginning of the first millennium AD. By 900 AD those communities had attracted immigrants from India as well as from southwest Asia, and direct trade extended as far as China. When the Portuguese arrived at the end of the 15th century, they found a major trade center at Kilwa Kisiwani, which they promptly subjugated and then sacked. The Portuguese were expelled from the region in 1698, after Kilwa enlisted the help of Omani Arabs. The Omani dynasty of the Bu Said replaced the region's Yarubi leaders in 1741, and they proceeded to further develop trade. It was during this time that Zanzibar gained its legendary status as a center for the ivory and slave trade, becoming in 1841 the capital city of the sultan of Oman.
In Tanzania's interior, at about the same time, the cattle-grazing Maasai migrated south from Kenya into central Tanzania. Soon afterward the great age of European exploration of the African continent began, and with it came colonial domination. Tanzania fell under German control in 1886, but was handed over to Britain after WWI. Present day Tanzania is the result of a merger between the mainland (previously Tanganyika) and Zanzibar in 1964, after both had gained independence. Tanzania has like many African nations experienced considerable strife since independence, and its economy is extremely weak. However, political stability does appear to have been established in recent years.

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